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题目

第一句

Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature.

Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption

was to 这里其实不能这么断,应该是to take,因为不可能用taking,所以用to take

we all share

share v. 有同样的情感(或想法、经历);这里译作认同

that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts

这是个++同位语从句++

同位语从句的翻译

辨认同位语从句:

  1. 先行词通常是比较抽象的概念性的名词
  2. that在从句中不作成分,从句不缺少成分,是独立句子

翻译方法:

  1. 先行词在主句中作宾语:保留原文语序,用冒号、破折号或“即”引出同位语从句
  2. 先行词在主句中作主语:从句独立成句,先译从句,再译主句

这里使用译法1

therefore conj. 所以(我把这个翻成因此了)

and reveal its erroneous nature

  • ++reveal++ /rɪˈviːl/ v. 揭示;显露

    • revelation /ˌrevəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 披露;揭露;被泄露的秘密;被暴露的真相
  • erroneous /ɪˈrəʊniəs/ adj. 错误的

  • nature /ˈneɪtʃər/ n. 自然;天性;本质

and的翻译

英汉差异:

英语:形合语言,依赖连词等显性连接

汉语:意合语言,连词较少,靠语义连贯,隐性逻辑

  1. 直译:和,并且,与…

  2. 省略不译

  3. 其他逻辑词:从而

    • He practiced daily and won the championship. 他每日训练,从而赢得冠军。

重组

艾伦的贡献是选取了一个我们都认同的假设—因为我们不是机器人,所以我们能掌控自己的想法—并且揭示了它的错误本质。

we all share 作为定语,很短,所以定语前置翻译了


第二句

while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone,in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? “

while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control

  • sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. 维持;保持;支撑

    • sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的
  • illusion /ɪˈluːʒn/ n. 幻想;错觉

    • illusory /ɪˈluːsəri/ adj. 幻觉的;虚幻的

while conj. 的意思

  1. 表时间:当…的时候 when

  2. 表时间:与…同时 at the same time

  3. 表对比:…而,…然而

  4. 表让步:虽然;尽管

the illusion of control 里直译为控制的错觉很奇怪,控制需要扩充一下,可以补充为“能够控制自己思想”的错觉

翻译:尽管我们或许可以维持“能控制自己思想”的错觉

through the conscious mind alone

  • the conscious mind 这里的mind没实际含义,直接翻译成意识即可

  • alone adj. / adv.

  1. 独自;单独

  2. (用于名词或代词后)唯一,只有

    • You alone should determine what is right for you.
  3. (用于名词或代词后加强语气)仅仅

    • The shoes alone cost £200.

翻译:仅凭意识

in reality we are continually faced with a question

  • in reality 实际上;事实上
  • be faced with 面临。这里是被动结构。但是这个是固定搭配,直接翻译为面临即可

翻译:事实上,我们会不断地面临一个问题:

Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?

achieve /əˈtʃi:v/ v. 达到(某目标、地位、标准);完成

代词that直翻也没问题,但是补充一下指代的内容会更好

直译:为什么我不能让自己做这个或实现那个?

调整:为什么我不能让自己做这件事或实现那个目标?

代词的翻译:

中文不善用代词;英文善用代词

  1. 代词指明要点
  2. 模糊处理

重组

尽管我们或许可以仅凭意识维持“能控制自己思想”的错觉,但是事实上,我们会不断地面临一个问题:为什么我不能让自己做这件事或实现那个目标?

  1. 状语前置

  2. 中文关联词成对出现:尽管…但是


第三句

This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

难点在于:

  1. 第一个and是哪两个部分在并列
  2. 后面的of是修饰什么的

爽了,这两个难点我都翻对了✅

This seems a justification

  • justification /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 正当理由;辩护
    • justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v. 证明…正当;为…辩护;对…作出解释
    • justifiable /ˈdʒʌstɪˌfaɪəbəl/ adj. 有理由的;无可非议的

代词的翻译

中文不善用代词;英文善用代词,翻译方法如下:

  1. 代词指明要点
  2. 模糊处理:它,这,那

在这里,this可以不翻译成这,而是这种说法

翻译:++这种说法似乎是一种辩护++

for neglect of those in need

  • neglect /nɪˈɡlekt/ n./v. 忽视;疏忽

  • those in need 贫穷的人;贫困者(我这里就误翻成需要帮助的人了😠)

这个句子是of结构

of结构的翻译:

  1. of 构成固定搭配:a lot of / a host of / a series of,这样就直接顺译

  2. A of B

    1. B 的 A: the illusion of control

    2. ++A 转译为动词++:由动词衍生来的名词,++翻译为动词;或者增加动词++(本题就是如此)

    3. B>8,B 后置:++A:B++(如果放到前面会显得头重脚轻)

      eg. he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage ++of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning andin his own observations++.(2008 年 Q46)

  3. of 结构的变形:A of B of CCBA

翻译:忽视贫困者

and a rationalization of exploitation

  • exploitation /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 开发;利用;剥削
    • exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ v. 剥削;开发;利用

翻译:剥削的合理化 → 让剥削合理化

of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom

  • superiority /su:ˌpɪəriˈɒrəti/ n. 优越(性);优势

    • superior /su:ˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. 优越的;高级的
  • inferiority /ɪnˌfɪəriˈɒrəti/ n. 低等;劣等;劣势

    • inferior /ɪnˈfɪəriə(r)/ adj. 低等的;较差的;次的
  • those at the top 社会上层

  • those at the bottom 社会底层

这里可以把inferiority微调一下,翻译为卑微,会稍微对应些

重组

这种说法似乎为忽视贫困者作辩护,让剥削、社会上层的优越和社会底层的卑微合理化。

按照状语前置来翻译则为:

①②重组:这种说法似乎是忽视贫困者的一种辩护

调整后:

①②调整:这种说法似乎为忽视贫困者作辩护

这里涉及到抽象名词的翻译(justification)

抽象名词的翻译:

抽象名词:介词前,冠词后的名词(the /an/a + 名词 + 介词)

  1. 由动词衍生来的名词,翻译为动词

  2. 没有动词词根,增加一个动词

英文是静态语言,善用名词

中文是动态语言,善用动词


第四句

circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.

circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us

  • circumstance /ˈsɜ:rkəmstæns/ n. 环境

  • be designed to 旨在,目的是(翻译成被设计为了😭)

  • bring out 使显现;使表现出激发(其实就是把某个东西给拿出来)

    • A crisis brings out the best in her. 危机促使她表现出她最好的一面。【Oxford

    • He is totally dedicated and brings out the best in his pupils. 他全身心地投入,激发学生们最优秀的品质。【Collins

翻译:环境似乎旨在激发我们最大的潜能

and if we feel that we have been “wronged”

  • wrong v. 不公正(或不诚实)对待(熟词辟义)

这里be wronged是被动结构

被动结构的翻译

中英差异:英文被动语态较多,中文被动语态较少。

核心原则:尽量不用“被”

  1. 用其他词替换“被”:遭到;受到;为**…所;是由…**的;得以

    these feelings are created and conveyed(2005Q46)

  2. 固定搭配

    be faced with 面临

    be charged with 承担责任;负有…责任(2006Q48)

    be viewed as 被视作(2007Q46)

    ++It is believed that 人们认为++

  3. 被动变主动,可根据语境补充主语

    More efforts should be made. 应付出更多努力

  4. 有被不用被

    The problem must be solved immediately. 问题须立即解决。

这里可以用“受到”来表达被

翻译:如果我们感觉自己受到“不公正对待”

then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation

  • then 然后;那时;既然如此,++那么++

  • are unlikely to 不太可能

  • escape from 逃脱,摆脱,逃避(不愉快或危险处境)

前面有if,所以这里then可以翻译为那么

begin a conscious effort直译为开始一个有意识的努力,这体现了英语是静态语言,中文里看着很怪,所以应该直接转译为动词:有意识地努力

补充转化方面的两点:

  1. 动词的过渡:I give you my support. 我支持你。

  2. 形容词和副词互相转化

重组:

环境似乎旨在激发我们最大的潜能,如果我们感觉自己受到“不公正对待”,那么就不太可能有意识地去努力摆脱自己的处境。

这里的and可以不用翻译了,因为并列不是很强烈


第五句:较难的一句

The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.

The upside is the possibilities

  • upside /ˈʌpsaɪd/ n. 好的一面;正面
    • downside /ˈdaʊnsaɪd/ n. 缺点;不利方面

翻译:好的一面是可能性 → 积极的一面是各种可能性

contained in knowing that everything is up to us

  • contain /kənˈteɪn/ v. 包含;含有

  • be up to sb 由…决定,取决于

翻译:包含在知道一切取决于自己

但是这样翻译还是很怪,因为前两部分是同一句,这里可以先重组一下

把第二部分这个定语前置翻译一下

👉积极的一面是包含在 知道一切取决于自己 中的可能性

但是看着还是很怪,所以要进行调整

调整的点在于contain没有实际含义,并非具象的包含,而是抽象的可能性包含在什么东西之中,包含着一点潜在的因果逻辑,所以可以拆开来翻译,中间加一个”便“(这个难度还是太高了😭)

调整为:++积极的一面是,知道一切取决于自己,便有了种种可能++。

real_翻译:积极的一面是,知道一切取决于自己,便有了种种可能

where before we were experts in the array of limitations

  • expert /ˈɛkspɜːt/ n. 专家;行家

    • 搭配:expert at/in/on sth某方面的专家
  • an array of 大量;各种

  • limitation /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən/ n. 限制;局限

这里的难点在于是where引导的从句

这个地方的从句可以和第四部分结合在一起看,三中有before,四中有now,从句主要是引导过去到现在的对比,所以where没必要翻译

同时这里的定语需要前置为…的专家,直译为 👉 ++从前,我们是种种限制的专家++

但是不够通顺,所以我们可以增加一点动词,翻译为:++从前,我们是熟练应对种种限制的专家++

但是这样还是不够通顺,所以我们可以把名词转译为动词:++从前,我们能熟练应对种种限制++

now we become authorities of what is possible

  • authority /əˈθɔ:rəti/ n. 权力;权威;官方;当局

what is possible可以译作可能性

同上,名词转译动词译作:++现在,我们可以驾驭所有可能性++

重组

积极的一面是,知道一切取决于自己,便有了种种可能。从前,我们是熟练应对种种限制的专家,现在,我们成了驾驭可能性的权威。

如果要名转译动的话,那就是:

积极的一面是,知道一切取决于自己,便有了种种可能。从前,我们能熟练应对种种限制,现在,我们驾驭所有可能性。

原文

​ With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances,the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.

​ ++Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.++ Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter,we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and ++while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone,in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? “++

  Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire,Allen concluded: “We do not attract what we want. but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.

  Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” ++This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.++

​ This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, ++circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation++.Nevertheless,as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.

  The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves.++The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible++.

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